Thursday, July 29, 2010

Graphical Modeling AutoCAD2000 Football



3DS Max modeling is football appeared in newspapers and magazines on the topic of n-see, one is inspired popular. Only in its production process in the size of the data used in some of the calculations are obtained in advance by the author, this mathematical foundation for me and so very shallow, but like probing people, is indeed a deficiency.

Of course, this does not prevent us from modeling the pace of more than one way. Now we have to use the drawing features of AutoCAD accurate, without calculation, do not even know how many black and white football block, complete with mapping to modeling soccer.

There are several shows here before:

1. This paper and all AutoCAD applications for the exchange of technology, not to encourage everyone to use it modeling. In all fairness, AutoCAD's 3D capabilities are not strong;

2. This paper describes the main idea and process, the specific command operations omitted. Little experience of friends should be easy to understand;

3. As the vector, just do not care the absolute size, we have to grasp the key is the block relationship between the relative form and position. If size requirements can also be used in the final order to adjust the size scale.

We know that football framework is a combination of two polygons, then, first of all to establish any size of a regular pentagon, hexagon one each. By moving the reference to order the Pentagon to adjust zoom to its bottom edge and hexagonal completely equal and overlap (see Figure 1).

At this point, the two polygons are still the same plane, but it should be between in the face of a angle. In this case, we let the Pentagon to keep still, by rotating the hexagon to form the angle. However, how to determine the angle of rotation value it? Then, you need to make secondary line to assist in the analysis: the cross point B, C and point B, D, respectively for the two tectonic line (xline), through point A perpendicular to line BC, AO, at the same time, for ease of understanding, we as a temporary reference hexagon, to dashed line. And as shown in Figure 2 to adjust UCS coordinates.




In the mapping process is often a need to frequently adjust the coordinate system, to improve the efficiency, we can adjust the settings saved well to facilitate the subsequent call.

Command: ucs
Enter an option [New / Move / orthoGraphic / Prev / Restore / Save / Del / Apply /? / World]
: S
Enter name to save current UCS or [?]: Int

In this case, we named this the user coordinate system "int".

Not difficult to find through observation: hexagonal rotating in place, A point should be and views to the right of the dotted line adjacent hexagonal symmetry point A''coincidence. From this, a straight line BC as the rotation axis should be rotated to the hexagon vertices A are included in the ZX plane at this time.

Figure converted coordinate system, and switch perspective. To point O as the center of a circle to line OA as radius for a round O. At this point line OB is perpendicular to the plane of circle O (see Figure 3).




Call Back stored int coordinate system (see Figure 4).



Command: ucs
Enter an option [New / Move / orthoGraphic / Prev / Restore / Save / Del / Apply /? / World]
: R
Enter name of UCS to restore or [?]: Int

Can be seen, dwarfed A circle is the point of the rotation trajectory. The circumference of the intersection with the ZX plane is hexagonal rotation in place at the location of point A should be.

The use of cut (trim) an order for the shear boundary line BD with space projection (project) shear mode circular O's side of the cut (see Figure 5). Be the arc of the endpoint P is what we need the intersection.



Remove auxiliary line switching angle for the SW. To point O serving as the base, rotating hexagonal-to-point A and point P coincide (see Figure 6).



Now, a hexagon has been rotating in place around the pentagon surrounding the other four we directly use the array (array) to complete. Pentagon for the two vertices connected with the auxiliary line on the side of the midpoint, the intersection of E center of mass, is the array reference point. Use circular (polar) array, the results shown in Figure 7.



Spherical to continue to expand. Then a hexagon as the base level, 360 掳 circular array of three pentagon (see Figure 8).




Needless to say we all know should be repeated the following array of. If the above is correct operation of each step, then we will get a seamless framework (see Figure 9).




Observed with the 3D orbit command rotation of this frame, you will find that it was such a rule: any of a polygon must have been hot core symmetry plane polygon corresponding to another, with the List command to inquire about their coordinates can be confirmed. On this basis, we can easily find hot core. Linear (Line) to connect the two symmetrical points, which point is hot core. Set it as P, for a ball (sphere), took one end of the point of capture radius of the framework (see Figure 10).



Cesi melon we will live it, to any two adjacent vertices of the polygon and point P together constitute the cut surface segmentation ball (slice). We just need the piece of pentagons and hexagons. With shade mode display (see Figure 11). At this point we can see that the role of the framework.



In the mapping process, if we can reasonably set up and use layer (layer), will enable us to work more with less. In this case, we will different types of objects were placed in a different layer, control layer to facilitate the operation was hidden and locked, and can specify the level of different color, so black and white football pattern presented.

As the function of AutoCAD software constraints, we have to make this step: a concentric sphere again, the radius of a sphere smaller than the previous. By subtraction (subtract) Boolean operation, we will cut two pieces of watermelon seeds and pulp removed, leaving the melons (see Figure 12).



The melons radial fillet on all sides, and form a coherent phase trimming. Then once around the outer surface of the melons fillet, note the values of radius twice with melons the size of the ratio of coordination (see Figure 13).



Like a few steps in front of an array of steps, now come to some circular array, but this time the object is no longer a polygon, but the melons up. Of course, the use of 3D mirror or align order to achieve the same objective, which we see the use of habits.

With a block of "melons" are spliced to the surface, football modeling is complete. We look at it a simple rendering (see figure XIV). If you are interested, you can put it in other devices with advanced rendering software rendering, as texture, the effect will be better.

Well, AutoCAD2000 football model introduced here on, I hope you can gain something after reading this article, giving top priority to make more wonderful model!







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Wednesday, July 21, 2010

The nature of chain



Understanding of the chain must first clear its essence, it summarizes for us both. Understand these two aspects, it will reveal the mysterious veil of chains, so you have a new understanding of franchising, the chain's business, management process will be very clear ideas.

A chain operation is mechanized large-scale production in the circulation and application of innovation in the field

Let's look at a McDonald's chain management system introduced information:

In order to ensure QSCV (quality, service, cleanliness, value) the realization of philosophy, McDonald's has developed a code of conduct as follows:

銆??锛?锛夎惀涓氳缁冩墜鍐屻?鐢ㄦ潵璇︾粏璇存槑楹﹀綋鍔崇殑鍚勯」鏀跨瓥锛岄鍘呮湇鍔$殑绋嬪簭銆佹楠や笌鏂规硶銆傞?杩囧厖鍒嗗埄鐢ㄨ繖鏈墜鍐岋紝鍙互淇濊瘉鎵?睘杩為攣搴楁彁渚涘悓鏍锋按骞崇殑鏈嶅姟銆?br />
銆??锛?锛夊矖浣嶆搷浣滄鏌ヨ〃銆傜敤鏉ヨ缁嗚鏄庡悇宸ヤ綔娈靛簲妫?煡鐨勯」鐩?姝ラ鍜屽矖浣嶈亴璐o紝鍛樺伐鐨勬檵鍗囦笉鍙栧喅浜庤祫鍘嗐?瀛﹀巻锛岃?閲嶅湪鑳藉姏涓庤〃鐜般?鎵?湁鍛樺伐鍏ㄩ儴鎺ュ彈绯荤粺璁粌銆?br />
銆??锛?锛夎川閲忔寚鍗椼?鐢ㄦ潵鎻愪緵缁欑鐞嗕汉鍛樹娇鐢紝璇︾粏璇存槑鏈夊叧鍗婃垚鍝佺殑鎺ヨ揣娓╁害銆佸偍瀛樻俯搴︾瓑锛屽鍚勭鏈夊叧璐ㄩ噺鍜屾暟閲忚繘琛岀粏鑷存寚瀵笺?

銆??锛?锛夌鐞嗗彂灞曡缁冦?楹﹀綋鍔崇殑绠$悊鑰呴兘寰椾粠鍛樺伐鍋氳捣锛屽繀椤诲涔犵鐞嗚绋嬶紝鐢卞垵绾ч?娓愬瀹岄珮绾х鐞嗐?缁忕悊瀹炶涓?甫涓?缁冿紝鍙楄缁忕悊鍚堟牸鍚庢墠鏈夋潯浠舵檵鍗囥?

銆??寰堝浜鸿瀹岃繖娈垫枃瀛椾箣鍚庨兘浼氬彂鍑鸿繖鏍风殑鎰熸叏锛氣?濂借缁嗗晩锛佲?浠庝腑鎴戜滑鑳藉彂鐜颁粈涔堢瀵嗗憿锛熸瘡涓?釜鐜妭銆佹瘡涓?釜鎿嶄綔姝ラ閮芥湁闈炲父鍏蜂綋鐨勮鑼冿紝杩欎細缁欐垜浠粈涔堣仈鎯冲憿锛?br />
銆??寰堣嚜鐒讹紝鐢熶骇杞﹂棿鐨勫伐浣滄櫙璞′細鍦ㄦ垜浠剳娴蜂腑娴幇锛屾祦姘寸嚎涓婃瘡涓伐浜鸿礋璐g潃鑷繁鐨勫矖浣嶇殑宸ヤ綔锛屾寜鐓ц缁嗙殑鈥滀綔涓氭寚瀵间功鈥濈殑鏍囧噯瑙勮寖杩涜浜曠劧鏈夊簭鐨勪綔涓氥?杩欎簩鑰呮槸鍚︽湁蹇呯劧鐨勮仈绯伙紵

銆??鏈?棭鐨勫晢鍝佺粡娴庢槸涓?鐭己缁忔祹銆傜敱浜庣敓浜у姏鍙戝睍姘村钩浣庯紝绉戞妧姘村钩鍜屼俊鎭寲姘村钩浣庝笅锛岄偅鏃朵篃杩樻病鏈夋祦姘寸嚎鐢熶骇鏂瑰紡鐨勬蹇点?涓?釜鍔冲姩鑰呴渶瑕佸仛寰堝浜嬶紝鎺屾彙寰堝鎶?兘锛岀敓浜ф晥鐜囨瀬涓轰綆涓嬶紝杩滆繙璺熶笉涓婃秷璐归鍩熺殑闇?眰銆傚湪杩欑鐭己缁忔祹鐨勫競鍦烘潯浠朵笅锛岀墿璐ㄧ粨鏋勫緢绠?崟锛屽晢鍝佺被鍒篃寰堝皯锛屽洜鑰屽娴侀?棰嗗煙鐨勮姹備篃鍋滅暀鍦ㄥ緢浣庣殑姘村钩涓娿?鍗栨柟鍗犲競鍦轰氦鎹㈢殑缁濆浼樺娍锛屽洜鑰屾槸鍗栨柟甯傚満銆傝繖鏍风殑缁忔祹绀句細涔熷氨涓嶅瓨鍦ㄤ篃涓嶉渶瑕佽繘琛屾祦閫氶鍩熷拰娑堣垂棰嗗煙鐨勯潻鍛姐?

銆??闅忕潃绉戝鎶?湳鐨勫彂灞曞拰绀句細鐨勮繘姝ワ紝鏈烘鍖栧ぇ鐢熶骇鏂瑰紡鐨勫嚭鐜帮紝鐩磋嚦绂忕壒鐨勬祦姘寸嚎鐢熶骇鏂瑰紡鐨勯潻鍛斤紝鐢熶骇鏁堢巼澶у箙搴︽彁楂樸?瑙勬ā鐨勭粡娴庢?鍚稿紩浼佷笟涓嶆柇鎵╁ぇ鐢熶骇瑙勬ā锛屼互鎻愰珮绔炰簤鍔涳紝鍙栧緱鏈?ぇ鐨勭粡娴庢晥鐩婏紝鍥犺?褰㈡垚浜嗗伐涓氬寲绀句細涓殑鎵归噺鐢熶骇鐜拌薄銆傚ぇ閲忕殑鍗曚釜鐢熶骇鑰呬负浜嗘墿澶у崟鍝佺鐨勭敓浜ц妯°?闄嶄綆鎴愭湰锛屾?鏄?鍚戜簬浣夸骇鍝佺殑鍝佺瑙勬牸灏藉彲鑳藉皯銆佺敓浜ф壒閲忓敖鍙兘澶с?鍚屾椂锛屼负浜嗗湪涓?畾鏃舵湡鍐呭娆¤幏寰楄妯$粡娴庢晥鐩婏紝浠栦滑閲囩敤楂樺害涓撲笟鍖栫殑娴佹按鐢熶骇绾匡紝甯︽潵鏋侀珮鐨勭敓浜ф晥鐜囷紝褰㈡垚鍗曚竴鍖栥?鏍囧噯鍖栥?楂橀?鍖栫殑鐢熶骇鐗圭偣銆傚弽瑙傚伐涓氬寲绀句細涓殑娑堣垂锛岄殢鐫?ぇ閲忕敓浜ф墍鍒涢?鐨勮储瀵屼笉鏂鍔狅紝娑堣垂鑰呯殑鏀跺叆澧炲姞锛屾秷璐瑰搧鐨勭浉瀵逛环鏍间笌缁濆浠锋牸閮戒笉鏂笅闄嶏紝澶ч噺娑堣垂鍔垮繀褰㈡垚銆傝繖绉嶆秷璐瑰線寰?槸浠ヤ釜鎬у寲銆佸鍙樺寲涓虹壒鐐圭殑銆傝繖浜涚壒鐐逛笌澶ч噺鐢熶骇鐨勫崟涓?寲銆佹爣鍑嗗寲褰㈡垚浜嗙洿鎺ョ殑瀵圭珛銆傛祦閫氶鍩熷拰鐢熶骇棰嗗煙鐨勫彂灞曢?搴﹁窡涓嶄笂娑堣垂棰嗗煙鐨勫彂灞曢?搴︺?娴侀?棰嗗煙鍜岀敓浜ч鍩熺殑鍙戝睍婊炲悗鎴愪负鐢熶骇棰嗗煙杩涗竴姝ュ彂灞曠殑鐡堕锛屽嵆鎵?皳鐨勭敓浜ц繃鍓╋紝鏁翠釜甯傚満灏辨垚涓轰拱鏂瑰競鍦恒?

銆??涓轰簡浣跨ぞ浼氱敓浜ч『鍒╄繘琛岋紝杩欑瀵圭珛蹇呴』寰楀埌鍖栬В銆傝?鍖栬В瀵圭珛鐨勬渶浣冲叆鎵嬬偣鍒欐槸杩炴帴鐢熶骇鍜屾秷璐逛袱涓鍩熺殑娴侀?棰嗗煙銆傛祦閫氶鍩熷唴锛屽摢涓?缁忚惀褰㈠紡鏈?兘鍗忚皟涓よ?锛屽摢涓?灏辨渶鏈夌敓鍛藉姏銆傜敓浜у拰娑堣垂鐨勮繖绉嶅绔嬭姹傚晢涓氫紒涓氳妯¤繍浣溿?杩垏瑕佹眰瀵规祦閫氶鍩熷拰娑堣垂棰嗗煙杩涜涓?褰诲簳鐨勯潻鍛姐?鐢熶骇棰嗗煙鐨勬晥鐜囨彁楂樺娴侀?棰嗗煙鐨勯潻鏂版湁闈炲父澶х殑鍚ず銆備簬鏄紝浜轰滑鍙楀埌浜嗙敓浜ч鍩熺殑娴佹按绾跨敓浜ф柟寮忕殑鍚彂锛屽湪娴侀?棰嗗煙搴旂敤浜嗘満姊板寲澶х敓浜х殑鏂瑰紡锛屾彁鐐煎嚭绫讳技娴佹按绾跨殑鎿嶄綔娴佺▼鍜岃鑼冿紝濡傛敹鐩婃祦绋嬨?鏈嶅姟娴佺▼銆佹暣鐞嗚揣鍝佹祦绋嬬瓑銆傝繖灏辨槸杩為攣缁忚惀鐨勬爣鍑嗗寲鍩虹锛屾崲瑷?箣锛岃繛閿佺粡钀ュ氨鏄満姊板寲澶х敓浜ф柟寮忓湪娴侀?棰嗗煙鐨勫垱鏂板拰搴旂敤锛屽嵆杩為攣缁忚惀鏈川涓婃槸涓?澶ф祦閫氥?

銆??鍓嶆枃宸茬粡鎻愬埌杩囪繛閿佺粡钀ユ槸涓?绠$悊鏍囧噯锛屽疄闄呬笂鏍囧噯鍖栫殑鍩虹灏辨槸鈥滄彁鐐兼祦绋嬧?锛岃繖涓庣敓浜ц溅闂存祦姘寸嚎鐨勫埗浣滃鍑轰竴杈欙紝灏辨槸鍦ㄦ祦閫氱瓑闈炵敓浜ч鍩熻繘琛岀殑涓?鈥滄祦姘寸嚎鍒朵綔鈥濓紝浠ヤ究浜庡鍒躲?

銆??浜屻?杩為攣缁忚惀鏄竴绉嶄紒涓氱粍缁囧舰寮徛犅?br />
銆??鏈変汉璁や负鍙戝睍杩為攣缁忚惀涓昏鏄粡钀ュ舰寮忕殑鏀瑰彉锛屾槸涓氭?鐨勪竴绉嶅垱鏂般?杩欓噷鎴戜滑瑕佺粰杩為攣缁忚惀姝f湰娓呮簮锛岃繕杩為攣缁忚惀浠ユ湰鏉ラ潰鐩?杩為攣缁忚惀涓嶆槸涓?涓氭?锛岃?鏄竴绉嶄紒涓氱粍缁囧舰寮忥紝鍥犱负锛毬犅?br />
1.杩為攣缁忚惀鏄埗搴︾殑鍒涙柊锛屾槸浼佷笟浠庢斂绛栧埌瑙傚康銆佷粠缁忚惀鍒扮鐞嗐?浠庡晢娴佸埌鐗╂祦銆佷粠褰㈠紡鍒板唴瀹圭殑鍏ㄩ潰璋冩暣鍜屽彉闈┿?

2.杩為攣缁忚惀鏄紒涓氱粨鏋勯噸缁勫拰鍒涙柊锛屽寘鎷壒鍙戞敼闈┿?閰嶉?涓績鐨勫缓绔嬨?娴侀?鐜妭鍜岀綉缁滅殑鍙樺寲锛屽甫鏉ヤ簡浼佷笟璐?閿??璋冦?瀛樼殑鍏ㄩ潰璋冩暣锛屾槸浼佷笟鑱岃兘鐨勯噸鏋勫拰娴侀?鐜妭鐨勯噸缁勩?

3.杩為攣缁忚惀涓嶆槸涓?涓氭?锛屼絾鍙湁涓庡叿浣撶殑涓氭?鐩哥粨鍚堬紝濡傝秴甯傝繛閿併?浠撳偍杩為攣銆佷究姘戣繛閿併?蹇杩為攣銆佺敓浜ц繛閿侊紝鎵嶈兘褰㈡垚鑷繁鐙壒鐨勭粡钀ユ柟寮忥紝璧嬩簣瀹冨己澶х殑鐢熷懡鍔涖?

4.杩為攣缁忚惀鏄柊鐨勫晢鍟嗗叧绯汇?宸ュ晢鍏崇郴鍜屼紒涓氬唴閮ㄥ悇鐜妭鍏崇郴鐨勮皟鏁村拰寤虹珛銆?br />
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銆??鎵?互杩欓噷灏辫В鍐充簡寰堝浜哄浠?箞琛屼笟閫傚悎鍋氳繛閿佺粡钀ワ紝浠?箞琛屼笟涓嶉?鍚堝仛杩為攣缁忚惀鐨勫洶鎯戙?杩為攣缁忚惀鏈川涓婂氨鏄敓浜с?绠$悊銆佹湇鍔°?鎿嶄綔鏍囧噯鐨勫缓绔嬪拰鎷疯礉浼犳挱銆傚晢涓氶鍩熷彲浠ュ彂灞曡繛閿佺粡钀ワ紝鐢熶骇棰嗗煙鍚屾牱鍙互锛岀湅鐫?竴涓釜鐨勫垎鍘傚紑璧锋潵锛岃繖涓嶆槸寰堟槑鏄剧殑杩為攣缁忚惀鍚楋紵鍏蜂綋鐨勫唴瀹逛細鍦ㄥ悗鏂囪繛閿佺粡钀ョ殑鍒嗙被涓缁嗕粙缁嶏紝杩欓噷灏变笉璧樿堪銆?br />






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